Wildlife

Wildlife Wednesday: Canada leads high seas mission to protect Pacific salmon

Plus: coyote compensation in Alberta, great white shark washed up in Haida Gwaii, baby red panda gets a new name at Toronto Zoo, and bumble bee breeding programme underway in Ontario

Canada is leading a mission to protect Pacific salmon in the North Pacific Ocean. (Lily Campbell/Can Geo Photo Club)
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Fish populations in the North Pacific Ocean, including Pacific salmon, are in continuing decline, in part thanks to illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. Canada has taken to the seas to crack down on this fishy business. 

As part of Canada’s Indo-Pacific Strategy and Pacific Salmon Strategy Initiative, the Canadian Coast Guard will be leading its second annual two month mission to deter IUU fishing, named Operation North Pacific Guard. Fishery officers will patrol 7,500 kilometres of sea using the CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier and protect marine ecosystems from any unauthorized hooks.  

In Operation North Pacific Guard’s first Canada-led mission, conducted last year, Canadian fishery officers seized approximately 3,000 illegally-fished shark fins were seized

“Canada and its fishery officers will always stand-up for law-abiding harvesters, whose livelihoods are threatened by illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing,” says Diane Lebouthillier, Minister of Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard, in a press release shared by the Government of Canada.   

Fishery officers also plan to collect environmental data and water samples to help us better understand the migration patterns of marine life, and protect them from things like microplastics in high risk areas of the sea.

Coyote compensation

Caption: Coyotes represent the No.1 livestock predator in Alberta and continue to be a growing problem, potentially due to a lack of demand for their pelts. (Photo: Ben Mater/Unsplash).
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Livestock producers in northwestern Alberta are feeling the crunch of coyote predation with coyote populations reportedly on the rise due to declining fur demand. 

Coyotes currently don’t make the cut for compensation alongside their more infamous counterparts like bears and cougars, despite representing Alberta’s top livestock predator. The stress peaks during calving season, Kaley Segboer-Edge, stewardship lead for Alberta Beef Producers, told the CBC. 

In an effort to combat this, ranchers are now looking to add coyotes to the wildlife predator compensation program to recover some of their future livestock losses. The change would allow them to receive compensation for both livestock injuries and deaths caused by coyotes, and would match similar processes in place in other provinces such as Manitoba, Saskatchewan and British Columbia.

While the government has yet to respond, trappers suggest they’re also ready to step in to help avoid any public safety concerns.

Bill Abercrombie, president of the Alberta Trappers’ Association, told CBC that trappers could manage these animals humanely and sustainably, keeping people happy with co-existence.

Beached body

Salmon sharks are often mistaken for great white sharks, but sightings do happen and may be on the rise due to climate change. (Photo: Jeremy Bishop/Unsplash)
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Something unexpected washed up on a beach on the east coast of Haida Gwaii, B.C. last month: a great white shark.

The deceased four-metre long shark was identified after the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) examined the teeth and fin shape. After cutting the shark open, they found that the shark had enjoyed a seal for its final meal, though its cause of death remains unknown. While samples were taken for research purposes, the researchers are letting nature take its course in regards to what happens to the carcass.

Lesley Assu from Skidegate, a Haida community in Haida Gwaii, told the Vancouver Sun it wasn’t the first time she had seen a great white wash up, but was sad to see one dead because of their importance to Haida culture.

The DFO says since salmon sharks are often mistaken for great whites, these kinds of sightings are rare but do happen. This is the sixth recorded great white sighting off the coast of B.C.

“Given climate change, we can expect their occurrences in our waters to increase in frequency in the coming decades,” a DFO spokesperson wrote to CTV Vancouver.

Still, there’s no real need for B.C. residents to worry about shark encounters. Sharks do not pose a significant threat to the public, considering there have only been three confirmed shark attacks in the history of the province. 

Poppy the red panda

Poppy the red panda, recently named by Toronto Zoo vote. (Photo: Toronto Zoo/YouTube)
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After over 6,500 votes were cast by followers and fans of Toronto Zoo, the zoo has announced that their newest red panda cub — affectionately nicknamed “Biggie” — has officially been named Poppy. Poppy was selected as the winning name from five floral-themed options in honour of her mother, Sakura, which is the Japanese word for flowering cherry blossom trees. 

Toronto Zoo shared that Poppy will start exploring smaller areas of her outdoor habitat over the coming weeks. She’ll have the choice and control to spend time indoors or outdoors as she becomes more comfortable in her new surroundings.

In April 2015, the conservation status of red pandas was elevated to Endangered by the International Union for Conservation and Nature (IUCN). Red pandas are elusive and challenging to study in the wild. Their population has been estimated by experts as anywhere between 2,500 and 10,000 individuals, but all agree that the species is declining — by as much as 50 per cent in the past 20 years. The Toronto Zoo Wildlife Conservancy has committed to a long-term partnership with the Red Panda Network to support conservation projects in the wild.

A bumble bee is released into the wild by WPC. (Photo: courtesy WPC)
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Nearly one-quarter of Canada’s 46 species of native bumble bee species, some of our most efficient and important pollinators, are now in steep decline. But in southern Ontario, a unique Bumble Bee Conservation Breeding Lab is developing techniques to breed endangered bumble bees in captivity for future release, as a tool to aid in the conservation of threatened species. 

This lab is the only one of its kind in the world, breeding at risk bumble bees for conservation. With a lack of comparable conservation efforts to draw experience from, the team has had to develop methods of how to establish captive colonies. This has involved experimenting with the best pollen types for optimal bumble bee nutrition, optimal lighting and housing, how to encourage mating and colony production, and screening for potential parasites. One of the biggest challenges has been replicating overwintering conditions for the new queens produced in the lab so that they survive to produce colonies of their own the following year. Recent breakthroughs in overwintering methods, developed with the help of Dr Sabrina Rondeau at the University of Guelph, have resulted in much improved overwintering survival.

Taylor Kerekes, lead biologist for Wildlife Preservation Canada’s (WPC) pollinator team explains “In the wild, our focal species the yellow-banded bumble bee overwinters underground, so our team has just finished placing new queen bumble bees from our captive colonies in tubes filled with sterilized soil to replicate wild conditions.” The bees are then placed in a fridge where temperature and humidity are carefully monitored. Kerekes and her team then wait anxiously until next spring when they are ready to be woken up and start their own colonies.

“WPC is the only organization in Canada breeding threatened species like the yellow-banded bumble bee in captivity,” says Kerekes, “so that we can begin to reverse the decline of these important pollinators.”

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