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ᐅᖓᑖᓄᑦ ᑕᑯᔅᓴᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ : ᑐᓵᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᓕᒃᒥᑦ

ᐊᐅᔭᖓᓂ 2023, ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ 15 ᒦᑕᓂ ᑎᖏᕋᐅᑕᓕᒻᒧᑦ ᐅᑭᐊᕐᒧᑦ Que Sera ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᒃᓂᐅᔪᒧᑦ ᑐᕌᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᓗᑎ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᓂᑦ ᕿᓂᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᕐᒥ ᐅᑭᐅᑕᖅᑐᒥ.

Published Dec 10, 2024
Updated Jan 10, 2025
869 words
4 minutes

By Monica Kidd

[ Available in English ] [ Disponible en français ]

ᐊᒥᓱᓂᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᖑᐊᒨᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑎᓐᓇᒍ. ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᑳᕐᕕᖓ ᓄᓇᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐱᔪᒪᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᓂ ᐊᒻᒪ ᓗᓇᓕᕐᔪᐊᖅ. ᐱᔪᒪᓂᖃᖅᑐᑎ ᐱᖓᓐᓇᖓᒍᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᑎᖓᓂ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᑕᕆᐅᑉ ᐊᑭᐊᓂ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᐃᓴ. ᐃᖕᖓᓚᓐ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᑎᑦᑎᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᔮᓐ ᑳᐸᑦᒥᑦ ᕿᓂᕐᓗᒍ 1497−ᒥᑦ. ᒪᓕᑦᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᓂᕆᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ ᕿᓂᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑦ ᓲᕐᓗ ᒫᕐᑎᓐ ᔪᕈᐱᓱ, ᐅᐃᓕᐊ ᐃᐊᑦᕗᑦ ᐱᐅᕆ ᐊᒻᒪ ᔮᓐ ᕗᕌᓐᒃᓚᓐ, ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᑭᓐᖑᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᒪᕐᕉᒃ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒃ Erebus ᐊᒻᒪ Terror ᐊᒻᒪ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᑕᖏᑦ 129 ᐊᖑᑏᑦ, in 1848. ᓄᐊᕕᔭᓐᒥᐅᖅ ᕈᐊᑦ ᐊᒪᑦᓴᓐ ᐃᑳᑦᑕᓯᓐᓇᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᑭᐅᑕᖅᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᑳᕐᕕᖓᒍᑦ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᓂᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖓᓂ Gjøa, ᑎᑭᑦᑐᓂ ᓅᒻ, ᐊᓛᔅᑲᒧᑦ. 1906-ᒥᑦ, ᑕᓪᓕᒪᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᐃᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᐹᖑᓚᐅᖅᑎᓐᓇᒍ ᐋᓐᑦᐋᑎᑲᒦᓚᐅᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓄᓇᑉᔪᐊᑉ ᑭᒻᒥᖓᓂ.

ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐅᑭᐅᑕᖅᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᑎᖓ ᐱᑕᖃᐃᓐᓇᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓯᕗᓂᑐᖄᓗᐊᒍᑦ ᑭᓪᓕᖏᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑎᓐᓇᒋᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᑉ ᐊᑭᐊᓂ ᕿᓂᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᓄᑦ. ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕋᓱᐊᕐᓂᓕᒫᖑᔪᑦ ᐃᑳᕋᓱᐊᖅᑐᑎ ᑲᑎᔅᓯᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᑦ, ᑲᔪᓯᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐱᓕᕆᔭᐅᕗᓂᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᓄᑦ, ᒥᖅᓱᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᓂᑦ, ᓂᕿᓕᐅᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑎᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐅᖃᐅᔾᔨᒋᐊᕈᑎᖃᖅᑎᑎᓪᓗᑎ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᓐᓇᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓐᓂᕆᔭᖏᓐᓂ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᔅᓴᐅᖏᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᑕᕆᐅᑉ ᐊᑭᐊᓂᒥᐅᑕᓄᑦ. ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖏᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓕᓴᕆᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᒥᑐᖃᕐᓂᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᑕᖅᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᑳᕐᕕᖓᒍᑦ.

ᐊᐅᔭᖓᓂ 2023, ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ 15 ᒦᑕᓂ ᑎᖏᕋᐅᑕᓕᒻᒧᑦ ᐅᑭᐊᕐᒧᑦ Que Sera ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᒃᓂᐅᔪᒧᑦ ᑐᕌᕐᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᓗᑎ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᓂᑦ ᕿᓂᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᕐᒥ ᐅᑭᐅᑕᖅᑐᒥ.

ᐊᐅᔭᖓᓂ 2023, ᐱᖓᓱᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᓚᐅᖅᖅᑐᑦ 15 ᒦᑕᓂ ᑎᖏᕋᐅᑕᓕᒻᒧᑦ ᐅᑭᐊᕐᒧᑦ Que Sera ᐊᔾᔨᐅᖏᑦᑐᒥᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᓂᕐᒧᑦ. Beyond Her Horizons ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᕿᓂᓚᐅᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᓄᑦ ᐊᖅᑯᑎᓂᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓄᓇᒦᖔᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᐲᔭᖅᑕᐅᓗᑎ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓄᓇᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐅᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᑦᑎᓂᕐᒧᑦ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᐊᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᒦᑦᑐᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᑎᑦᑎᒐᓱᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᓂᑦ ᕿᑭᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᖓᓂ ᐅᑭᐅᑕᖅᑐᒥ, ᓄᐊᑦᑎᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᕈᑎᓂᑦ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᐸᓪᓕᐊᔪᒥᑦ ᓯᖁᖓᓂ, ᐃᓱᒫᓘᑕᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᑦᑐᐃᓂᖃᓕᕇᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᑭᐅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᖏᓂᖅᓴᒥᑦ ᐊᑦᑐᐃᓂᖃᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᓯᕗᓂᔅᓴᒥᑦ.

ᐅᑲᓕᖅ ᐃᔨᑦᓯᐊᖅ, ᐃᔅᓯᕙᐅᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᑕᖅᑐᒥᐅᖑᖃᑎᒌᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᔨᐊᓯᑲ ᕼᐃᐅᔅᑕᓐ, ᒫᓐᑐᕆᐅᒥᐅᑕᖅ ᓴᓇᖑᐊᖅᑎ, ᐱᒋᐊᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᓂᖓ ᒥᑦᑎᒪᑕᓕᒻᒥ, ᓄᓇᕗᑦ, ᓄᖅᑲᖅᑐᑎᑦ ᐅᖃᓪᓚᖃᑎᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᐃᖅ ᐅᖅᓲᖅᑑᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ, ᐃᖃᓗᑦᑑᑦᑎᐊᖅ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑐᑦᑑᔭᖅᑐᖅ ᑕᑯᓪᓇᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂ ᐆᒪᔪᓐᓇᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᐱᒡᒐᓇᖅᑐᒥ ᓯᓚᖓᓂ — ᑐᓂᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᑭᓱᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓂᑦ ᐱᒋᒋᐊᖅᑐᓂ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ ᑎᑭᑦᑐᒍ ᐆᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖏᓐᓂ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᖏᓐᓂ ᓲᕐᓗ ᒥᖅᓱᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᒻᒪ ᖁᓪᓕᖅ ᐃᑯᒪᑏᓐᓇᖅᑐᒍ. ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᓚᐅᒻᒥᔪᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᑐᓂᓯᓯᒪᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᑲᔪᓯᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᕿᓂᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑦ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᓂᑦ ᑲᑎᔅᓯᕋᑖᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᒪᒋᐅᓪ ᓯᓚᑦᑐᓴᕐᕕᒃᔪᐊᒥ ᐱᔭᕇᖅᓯᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓄᐃᒥ ᐸᓚᓇᑦ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᓕᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᖃᓗᑦᑑᑦᑎᐊᒥ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐅᒥᐊᖅᑐᖅᑐᑎ ᓅᒻ, ᐊᓛᔅᑲᒧᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑐᓂ ᑕᕆᐅᖃᕐᓂᖓᓂ ᐅᒻᒪ ᐆᓇᕐᓂᖓᓂ ᐊᓛᔅᑲᒥ ᐃᖏᕋᓂᐅᔪᖅ.

ᐊᒥᓱᓂᑎᑐᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᑕᖅᑐᒧ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᓂᐅᔪᑦ, ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᖃᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᐊᔅᓯᕈᕆᐊᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓯᑯᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᓄᕆᒧᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓅᓯᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᒥᑦ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᐅᑎᓄᑦ ᐊᔅᓱᕈᕈᑎᖃᖅᑎᑦᑎᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐱᐅᖏᓛᖑᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᓇᐹᖅᑐᐃᑦ ᐃᑯᐊᓚᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᓕᒫᓂᑦ ᕿᒫᖁᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᔨᐊᓗᓇᐃᕝᒦᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᒪᑐᔭᐅᓂᖓ ᖃᖓᑕᓲᒃᑯᕕᖓ, ᐸᕕᓴᐃᓂᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᐸᕐᓇᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎᖏᑦ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ.

ᐅᑯᐊ ᐲᐲᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᖃᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᓂᐅᔪᒧᑦ ᑐᓴᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᓂᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᑕᖅᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᑳᕐᕕᖓᒍᑦ.

ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᓯᒪᔭᖏᑦ ᔨᐊᓯᑲ ᓇᐃᐅᔅᑕᓐ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐅᑲᓕᖅ ᐃᔨᑦᓯᐊᖅ. ᑲᑎᖅᓱᖅᓯᒪᔭᖏᑦ ᒫᓂᑲ ᑭᑦ

ᐋᔪ ᐲᑕ

ᒪᓕᒐᓕᕆᔨ ᐃᓄᒃ, ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑐᐃᔨ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑭᓯᓐᓂ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᓄᑦ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔪᓕᐅᖅᑎ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᖃᑕᐅᔪᖅ Order of Canada. ᐃᓅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᑯᑭᑦᑐᓂ, ᓅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒧᑦ 1981 ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᖃᓗᒻᒥᐅᑕᐅᔪᖅ.

ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐃᓐᓇᑐᖃᕐᓅᑦᑕᐅᑎᒋᒍᑦᑕ, ᐱᒡᒐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᒡᒐᓇᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕗᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᓗᑎ. ᐊᓯᐊᓂᖔᖏᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᖏᓐᓂ. ᑐᓵᓯᒪᔪᖓ ᓈᓚᐅᑎᒃᑰᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᑯᑭᑦᑐᓂ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᑦ [ᐊᑯᑭᑦᑐᒥᐅᑕᖅ−ᑕᐃᓂᔅ ᐅᑭᐅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᕿᓂᖃᑦᑕᖅᑎ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓅᓯᕆᔭᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎ] ᓄᑦ ᒥᐅᓴᓐ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖓ ᐊᑯᑭᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒧᑦ. ᐱᐅᔫᒐᔭᖅᓯᒪᒻᒥᔪᖅ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᑦ ᑐᓴᕐᕕᖃᕐᓗᓂ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑕᑯᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂ ᓯᓚᑖᓃᖔᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ, ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒌᖏᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᖃᑦᑕᕋᑦᑕ ᑭᓱᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓂᑦ.

ᐅᑉᐱᕈᓱᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᖓ ᐃᓅᓪᓗᑕ ᐃᓅᓂᕆᔭᕗᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐊᓘᔪᖅ, ᐃᑉᐱᒋᑦᑎᐊᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ. ᑭᒃᑯᓕᒫᑦ ᒪᓕᒋᐊᖃᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᓴᐃᓐᓇᖓᓂ ᐃᑉᐱᒍᓱᑦᑎᐊᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᓴ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑖᔅᓱᒥᖓᔅᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐃᓂᐅᔪᒥᑦ. ᐊᒥᓱᓂᑦ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᓂᑦ ᐃᓕᒐᓱᐊᓚᐅᖅᑕᕋ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓗᓇᓕᖓᓂ, ᐅᕙᒎᖏᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ. ᐅᕙᖓ ᐃᓕᓚᐅᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂ ᑎᐊᓐᒫᒃᒥ [ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖅᑎᑕᐅᕕᒋᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ ᐃᓄᑑᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕆᐊᖅᑐᓂ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᖃᖅᑐᓂ 11] ᐅᕙᖓᐅᔪᖅ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅ: ᐅᕙᖓ, ᐅᕙᖓ, ᐅᕙᖓ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᑭᒃᑯᓕᒫᖑᑦᑕᓕᖅᑯᑦ.

ᐃᓱᒪᒌᓐᓇᖃᑦᑕᖅᑕᕋ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᓕᐊᓗᐃᑦ: ᓰᓚ−ᕗᐊᑦ ᑯᓘᑎᑕᐃ, ᒥᐅᕆ ᓴᐃᒪᓐ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᕐᓇᖅ ᐱᖃᑎᒋᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ ᓄᑦ ᕌᔅᓯᐅᓴᓐ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᓂᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᐊᓯᔾᔨᐸᓪᓕᐊᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᕗᑦ — ᓅᑦᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓄᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᕗᑦ ᖃᒪᒋᔭᐅᓕᖅᑐᑎ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎ ᓯᓚᑖᓃᖔᖅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ — ᐊᕐᓇᐅᓪᓗᑕ ᐃᓕᔅᓯᒪᔪᒍᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓐᓴᓂᕐᒧᑦ.

ᓱᖅᑯᐃᓱᑦᑐᖓ ᐃᓚᖓᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᒃ ᑎᒥᖓᓐᓂ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᖅ ᓇᖏᖅᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᐅᕐᕕᒃᔪᐊᒥᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑐᓂᓯᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ ᐊᑎᖓ ᖁᑦᑎᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᑳᕐᕕᒃ, ᐅᓇᐅᔪᖅ ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᒃ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖅ ᐊᕐᓇᐅᑉ ᑕᓪᓗᖓᓂ ᑲᑭᓐᓂᖅ. ᖁᑦᑎᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᑳᕐᕕᖓ ᑕᓪᓗᒥᑦ ᖃᑭᓐᓂᐅᔮᖅᑐᑦ: ᐊᖏᔪᖅ, ᐳᖅᑐᔪᐃᑦ ᐃᓐᓈᕈᖏᑦ ᑎᑭᐅᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᒪᕐᒧᑦ. ᐅᒥᐊᑐᕐᕕᒋᒪᐅᖅᑕᕋ ᖁᑦᑎᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᑳᕐᕕᒃ ᐊᒥᓱᐊᖅᑎᒐᓚᑦᑐᒍ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᖅᑲᐅᒪᔪᖓ ᐊᔾᔨᖑᐊᒃᑲ ᐱᔭᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ, ᐅᕙᖓ ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᖓᓄᑦ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐅᐱᒍᓱᓐᓇᕐᓂᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᑕᑯᓐᓇᖅᑐᒍ ᓄᓇᖓ ᑕᑯᔅᓴᐅᓂᖓ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓐᓈᕈᐃᑦ ᐊᒻᒧᐊᑦᑐᑎ ᑎᑎᖅᓯᒪᔪᑯᑖᑎᑐᑦ ᐅᕙᖓ ᑕᓪᓗᖓᓂᑎᑐᑦ ᑲᑎᓐᓇᖅ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐅᕙᓐᓄᑦ, ᐱᐅᔪᒻᒪᕆᐊᓯᒪᔪᖅ.

ᒥᖅᑯᓵᖅ ᐳᓇᑎᐊᑦ ᑏᓐ

ᒥᖅᑯᓵᖅ ᐳᓇᑎᐊᑦ ᑏᓐ ᐃᓗᓕᕆᔭᖓ ᓯᐅᓵᕐᓇᖅ, ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᒻᒥᔪᖅ ᓲᕝᕕ ᑰᒧ. ᑏᓐ ᓴᓪᓖᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖓᓃᖔᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᓯᕐᕕᖓᓂ ᑕᓯᐅᔭᖅᔪᐊᒧᑦ, ᐱᕈᖅᓴᕕᒋᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᑦᑐᓂ, ᐃᖃᓗᒐᓱᐊᖅᑐᓂ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᓂᕆᔭᔅᓴᓂ ᓄᐊᑦᑎᓂᕐᒧᑦ. ᑕᐃᒪᓐᖓᓂᑦ, ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖃᑎᖃᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᓐᓇᑐᖃᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᒪᒃᑯᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐱᖅᓯᓄᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᓄᑦ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᑎᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᖅᓯᒪᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᒪᒃᑯᑦᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᕐᓇᓄᑦ.

ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᕿᓂᖃᑦᑕᖅᑎᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐆᒪᒐᔭᓚᐅᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᑕᖃᕐᓂᖏᑉᐸᑕ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᐃᑦ.

ᐊᓈᓇᑦᓯᐊᒪ ᐊᓈᓇᖓ ᓲᕝᕕ ᒥᖅᓱᑎᑦᑎᐊᕙᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ. ᑕᑯᓯᒪᔭᒃᑲ ᓴᓇᓯᒪᔭᖏᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᒐᖃᕐᕕᒻᒥ. ᒥᖅᓱᖅᓯᒪᔭᖏᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᒻᒧᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᓯᒪᔫᔮᖅᑐᑦ. ᑕᕝᕙ ᑕᐃᒫᑎᒋᑦ ᒥᖅᓱᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ. ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᒥ ᑕᑯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖓ 20 ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᕿᓚᓗᒐᕐᓂᐊᖅᑏᑦ ᐅᑭᐊᓪᓕᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᑎᓴᒪᓂ ᐅᑭᐅᓂᑦ ᑐᖏᓕᕇᓂᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᑐᑦᑐᕋᔭᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᓐᕌᖅᓯᒪᔪᐃᓐᓇᐅᓪᓗᑎ. ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᔾᔨᖑᐊᖅᑕᖃᕐᓂᔪᖅ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᑕᓂᑦ Neptune, ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᓂᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᒋᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂ 1900-ᖏᓐᓂ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᖅᓯᒪᔪᖏᓐᓇᐃᑦ ᑐᑦᑐᕋᔭᓐᓂᑦ. 40−ᐸᓘᔪᑦ, ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᕋ. ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐊᓐᕌᓕᐅᕈᓐᓇᕋᔭᓚᐅᖏᑦᑐᑦ; ᐃᓄᓐᓅᒐᔭᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᕐᓇᓄᑦ. ᐃᓚᒌᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᑲᑎᓐᖓᓪᓗᑎ ᓄᓇᖅᐸᒨᖅᑐᑎ ᐆᒪᔪᕋᓱᐊᖅᑐᑎ ᐊᓐᓄᕌᔅᓴᓄᑦ.

ᖃᖓᐅᓕᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ [ᐊᓈᓇᑦᓯᐊᒪ ᐊᓈᓇᖓ ᐃᓅᒍᓐᓃᑎᓪᓗᒍ], ᓂᕕᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᖅ ᑎᑎᕋᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᐅᑕᒫᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᕕᖓᓄ ᐃᖃᓗᑦᑐᖃᑦᑐᒥᓂᐅᒐᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓇᑦᑎᖅᑐᖃᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᒐᐃᒻᒪᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᖃᖅᑐᑎᑦ, ᓇᓗᓴᐃᖅᓰᓇᖅᐸᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᖑᑐᖏᑦ ᐱᑎᑕᐅᓗᑎ.

ᑐᑯᓕᑐ [ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᒻᒥᔪᖅ ᕼᐊᓇᐅᓪᓗᓂ] ᐊᒻᒪ ᐅᐃᖓ ᐃᐲᕐᕕᒃ [ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᐅᒻᒥᔪᖅ ᔫ] ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖃᑎᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ Charles Francis Hall ᐅᑭᐅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᓂᕐᒧᑦ. ᑖᑦᑎ ᐅᐊᓐᖑᔪᑦ — ᐱᖃᓯᐅᑎᓪᓗᑎ ᑎᓴᒪᐅᔪᖅᑐᑦ ᔮᒪᐃᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑏᑦ, ᐊᑯᑭᑦᑯᓃᖔᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓚᒌᑦ ᑕᓪᓕᒪᑦ, ᕼᐊᓇ, ᔫ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᐸᓂᖓ — ᑲᑎᓐᖓᑦᑎᒍᓐᓃᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᓯᑯᒃᑯᑦ ᓵᑦᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎ [ᓯᓈᖓᓂ]. ᕼᐊᓇ ᖁᓪᓕᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ [ᖁᓪᓕᖅ] ᐊᒻᒪ ᔫ ᐃᓪᓗᕕᒐᓕᐅᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᐊᒻᒪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᖏᕋᑎᑦᑐᓂᒋᑦ ᒪᕐᕈᐊᑎᖅᑐᓂ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᖓᓱᐊᑎᖅᑐᓂ ᓵᑦᑐᒥᑦ ᓯᑯᒥᑦ ᐃᔾᔪᔪᒧᑦ ᓯᑯᒧᑦ. [ᐅᑭᐅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᓂᐅᔪᖅ (1871-1873) ᒥᐊᓕᒐᒥᐅᑦ ᑎᑭᑦᑎᓇᓱᐊᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᑲᔾᔨᖓᓄ. ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᖅ ᕿᒪᐃᓐᓇᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᓄᕌᕐᓂᖃᖅᑎᓗᒍ ᓯᑯᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐊᒥᓱᑦ ᐅᒥᐊᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ, ᐱᖃᓯᐅᑎᓪᓗᑎ ᑐᑯᓕᑐ, ᐅᐃᖓ ᐊᒻᒪ ᒪᒃᑯᑦᑐᖅ ᐸᓂᖓ, ᐊᔪᓕᐅᖅᑲᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᖓᓲᔪᖅᑐᓂ ᑕᖅᑭᓂᑦ. ᐃᖏᕋᓂᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᐸᓗᐊᓂ 2,000 ᑭᓚᒦᑕᓂᑦ ᓂᒋᖓᓄᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑎᓐᓇᒋᑦ ᓛᐸᑐᐊ ᐃᒪᖓᓂ.]

ᐊᒥᓱᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᕗᑦ. ᕼᐊᓇᐅᑉ ᐃᓗᕕᖓᓅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖓ ᑯᕉᑕᓐ, ᑲᓂᐊᑦᑎᑲᑦ, ᒪᕐᕈᐊᑎᖅᑐᖓ. ᓇᔅᓴᐅᑎᓚᐅᖅᑕᕋ ᐅᑭᐅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᓴᐳᑎᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᕿᔪᑦᑖᓂᑦ, ᒥᖅᑯᑎ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂ ᐃᓚᓗᒻᒥᑦ. ᑭᖑᓪᓕᕐᒥᑦ ᓇᔅᓴᐅᑎᔪᔭᕋ ᐱᕈᖅᓯᐊᓂ.

ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᐃᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᕆᐊᖃᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᖃᑦᑕᑎᐅᓪᓗᑎ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐊᑎᖓ ᐱᔭᐅᓚᐅᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᓕᓴᕆᔭᐅᓂᖃᓚᐅᖏᑦᑐᑦ.

ᒥᐊᓕ ᒪᒃᐸ

ᒥᐊᓕ ᒪᒃᐸ ᐱᕈᖅᓴᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᓇᒥᑦ ᖃᓂᒋᔭᖓᓂ ᒥᑦᑎᒪᑕᓕᒃ. ᒥᖅᓱᖅᑎᐃᔪᖅ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᑉᐱᒋᔭᐅᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᓂ ᐃᓐᓇᑐᖃᐅᔪᖅ.

ᐅᐊᑦᑎᐊᕈᓕ, ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᐸᓚᐅᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᐆᒪᓇᓱᐊᓂᕐᒧᑦ. [ᓯᕗᕚᒃᑲ] ᑲᒥᓕᐅᖅᐸᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ [ᑲᒫᓗᐃᑦ] ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᒃᑯᑦ. ᐱᓱᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᖓᓯᑦᑐᒧᑦ ᓄᓇᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᒦᑦ ᐊᓗᖏᑦ ᐳᔾᔪᑎᒻᒪᕆᑦᑐᑎ. ᓇᔅᓴᖃᑦᑕᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᒥᖅᓱᕈᑎᓂᑦ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᓂᑦ, ᐅᔾᔪᒧᑦ ᕿᓰᑦ, ᐊᐅᓚᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᒃᑯᑦ, ᐊᒡᒍᐊᖅᓯᒍᓐᓇᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑎ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᓂᕐᒧᑦ. ᑕᐃᒫᒃ ᐃᓅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ.

ᐃᓛᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᖅ ᓄᓇᒥ ᐱᒡᒐᓇᖅᑑᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ, ᐃᖅᑲᐅᒪᒐᓗᐊᖅᑎᒍ ᖁᕕᐊᓇᖅᑑᓪᓗᑎ. ᐊᔅᓱᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᕆᔮᑐᐊᕆᔫᔮᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ ᓯᓚᑲᒻᒪᐅᖃᑦᑕᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ, ᑭᓱᑐᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᓯᓕᕋᐃᒻᒪᑕ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᐸᓂᖅᓯᕈᓐᓇᖅᐸᓚᐅᖏᑕᕗᑦ — ᓇᑦᑎᕋᔭᐃᑦ ᕿᓰᑦ ᐸᓂᖅᓯᖅᑎᑕᐅᒋᐊᖃᕋᐃᒻᒪᑕ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᓯᓚᖓ ᖃᐅᓯᖅᑐᓂ ᓯᓚᓗᒻᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᒥᓂᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᐸᕐᓇᓯᒪᒐᓱᑉᐸᓚᐅᖅᑐᒍᑦ. ᐱᐅᖅᓱᐊᖅᐸᓚᐅᖅᑕᕗᑦ ᓂᕆᔭᔅᓴᑖᕗᑦ. ᕿᔪᑦᑕᖅᐸᓚᐅᖅᑐᒍᑦ: ᐅᕙᒍᑦ ᓯᓂᕝᕕᒋᔭᖓᓂᓐᓃᑎᑦᑐᒋᑦ ᐸᓂᖅᑏᓇᖅᑐᒋᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᑐᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᑎᒍ ᐃᑯᐊᓚᒧ ᖃᐅᓯᕐᓇᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐅᓪᓗᖏᓐᓂ. ᐸᓂᖅᑏᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᓚᐅᖅᑕᕗᑦ ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᓗᑎ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓗᑎ ᐅᖅᑰᓴᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᓂᕿᓕᐅᓂᕐᒧᑦ.

ᐃᓱᒫᓗᑉᐸᓚᐅᖏᑦᑐᒍᑦ ᐱᒡᒐᓴᖅᑐᓯᐅᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᑕᐃᔅᓱᒪᓂᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑕᖃᓂᕐᒧᑦ. ᑕᐃᒫᒃ ᐱᕈᖅᓴᓚᐅᖅᑐᒍᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᑕᐃᒫᒃ ᐃᓅᓯᖃᖅᐸᓚᐅᖅᑐᒍᑦ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᖃᑦᑕᖅᑐᒋᖏᑕᒃᑲ ᐃᓅᓯᖏᑦ ᐱᒡᒐᓇᖅᑑᓚᐅᖅᑐᑎ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖃᓄᖅ ᓇᓗᓇᕐᓂᕆᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓᓄᑦ. ᐃᓱᒪᒋᓕᖅᓴᕋ ᐱᒡᒐᓇᖅᑑᒐᔭᖅᑐᓂ ᐃᓅᕕᒋᓇᓱᐊᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᓄᖓ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᖓᓂᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᒫᓐᓇ.

ᒪᕋᐃᔭ ᐅᕐᖢ

ᒪᕋᐃᔭ ᐅᕐᖢ ᐃᓄᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑎᐅᔪᖅ ᓯᓚᑦᑐᓴᕐᕕᒃᔪᐊᒥ ᐳᕆᑎᔅ ᑲᓚᒻᐱᐊ ᐊᒻᒪ ᒥᑦᑎᒪᑕᓕᒻᒥᐅᑕᖅ. ᐅᒥᐊᑐᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᖁᑦᑎᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᑳᕐᕕᖓᒍᑦ ᐱᖅᑯᓯᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑭᒡᒐᖅᑐᐃᓪᓗᓂ ᐅᑯᓄᖓ Oxen Expedition.

ᑖᒃᑯᐊᓕᒫᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᐃᑦ ᖁᑦᑎᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᑳᕐᕕᖓᒍᑦ, ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ ᐊᑎᖃᐅᖅᑐᑦ. ᐱᕈᖅᓴᓪᓗᖓ, ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᑐᐊᕆᓚᐅᖅᑕᒃᑲ ᓄᓇᐃᑦ ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ ᐊᑎᖏᑦ. ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᔾᔨᐅᖏᑦᑐᒥ ᓴᖑᓂᖃᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᖃᓄᖅ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᑦᑏᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᓂᑦ ᑕᐃᖦᔅᓱᒪᓂᐅᕙᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ. ᐊᑦᑎᖅᑕᐅᕙᓚᐅᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓃᖔᖅᑐᓂᑦ “ᖃᐅᔨᓚᐅᖅᑐᓂᑦ”.

ᐊᑎᖏᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᔭᐃᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᓄᓇᖓ ᑭᓱᖃᖅᑎᑦᑎᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑐᒥᑦ ᑕᐅᑦᑐᖃᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ. ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖅ ᐅᓇᐅᔪᖅ ᒪᐅᓐᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖅ. ᐊᒻᒪ ᕿᑭᕐᑕᖅᔪᐊᖅ ᑐᑭᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᖏᔪᖅ ᕿᑭᕐᑕᖅ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐊᑏᑦ ᓇᒥᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᑕᖅᑐᒥ. ᐃᒪᖓ ᖁᓛᓂ Bylot Island, ᑕᐃᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᐃᒪᖓ, ᐃᒪᖅ ᐱᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓐᓈᕈᓄᑦ. ᐃᓐᓈᕈᖅᑕᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᑕᐃᕙᓂ ᐊᒻᒪ V ᖃᓄᐃᓕᖓᓂᖃᖅᑐᓂ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᑕᐃᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎ. ᓄᓇ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᕆᖏᑕᕗᑦ. ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕐᕕᒋᕙᑦᑕᕗᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᑉᐱᒋᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᒍ.

ᐊᒥᓱᓂᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅᑕᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᑭᐅᑕᖅᑐᖅ ᒥᔅᓵᓄᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᓱᓕᔪᐃᓐᓇᐅᓪᓗᑎ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᐅᑉᐱᓇᕐᓂᖅᓴᐅᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᑐᐊᓂᕐᒥᑦ.

ᐋᔪ ᐲᑕ ᐅᖃᖃᑎᒋᔭᖓ ᐅᑲᓕᖅ ᐃᔨᑦᓯᐊᖅ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᔨᐊᓯᑲ ᕼᐃᐅᔅᑕᓐ.

ᐊᔾᔨᓐᖑᐊᖅᑐᑯᓖᑐ, ᐳᓅᕆᔅ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᓂᕐᒦᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ (1871-1873) ᑎᑭᒐᓱᐊᖅᑐᓂᐅᒃ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᑉ ᑲᔾᔨᖓ.

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